What does HMGA1 stand for?
High-mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGA1 gene.
Where is HMGA1 located in the nucleus?
HMGA1 proteins have high amounts of diverse posttranslational modifications and are located mainly in the nucleus, especially in heterochromatin, but also in mitochondria and the cytoplasm.
Is there a role for HMGA1 proteins in heterochromatin organization?
Recently it has been shown that HMGA1 proteins, HMGA1a and HMGA1b, can cross-link DNA fibers in vitro and can induce chromatin clustering in vivo suggesting a structural role of HMGA1 proteins in heterochromatin organization. At least seven transcript variants encoding two different isoforms (HMGA1a, HMGA1b) have been found for this gene.
How does HMGA1 bind to DNA?
HMGA1 preferentially binds to the minor groove of AT-rich regions in double-stranded DNA using its AT-hooks. It has little secondary structure in solution but assumes distinct conformations when bound to substrates such as DNA or other proteins.
High-mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are oncogenic chromatin factors that are primarily expressed not only in undifferentiated tissues but also in various tumors. Here we report that HMGA1 is induced by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and maintains proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
What is HMGA1 promoter-luciferase?
The human HMGA1 promoter-luciferase construct (a generous gift from Dr. K. Peeters, University of Leuven, Belgium25) was introduced into HEK293 cells, together with phRL-SV40 (1 ng) (Promega, Madison, WI) using Fugene6 (Roche Diagnosics).
How high is HMGA1 expression in gastric carcinoma?
High HMGA1 expression was found in 36 out of the 64 gastric carcinomas studied (56.3%), where HMGA1 was densely stained in the nuclei of more than 30% of the cancer cells (Figure 3G). Similarly, β-catenin was highly expressed in 23 out of 64 cancer tissues (35.9%), where nuclear β-catenin was detected in more than 30% of the cancer cells.
What is the role of HMGA2 in the pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer?
Watanabe S, Ueda Y, Akaboshi S, Hino Y, Sekita Y, Nakao M. HMGA2 maintains oncogenic RAS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic cancer cells. Am J Pathol. 2009;174:854–868.
https://www.youtube.com/c/HMGent