How do you make polystyrene sulfonate?

How do you make polystyrene sulfonate?

The material is prepared by sulfonation of polystyrene: (CH2CHC6H5)n + n SO3 → (CH2CHC6H4SO3H) Several methods exist for this conversion, which can lead to varying degree of sulfonation. Usually the polystyrene is crosslinked, which keeps the polymer from dissolving.

How is sulfonic acid produced?

Sulfonic acids are produced by the process of sulfonation. Usually the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. A large scale application of this method is the production of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids: RC6H5 + SO3 → RC6H4SO3H.

What is the synthesis of polystyrene?

Polystyrene is created via the polymerization of styrene – a petroleum based, liquid hydrocarbon monomer. In this three-step synthesis, styrene is formed via the radical bromination of ethylbenzene and the elimination reaction of (1-bromo-ethyl)benzene.

What is sulfonic acid made from?

Aromatic sulfonic acids are obtained generally by treating aromatic compounds with concentrated sulfuric acid and added sulfur trioxide (“oleum”), the process being called sulfonation.

What is Kayexalate made of?

The drug is a cream to light brown finely ground, powdered form of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, a cation-exchange resin prepared in the sodium phase with an in vitro exchange capacity of approximately 3.1 mEq (in vivo approximately 1 mEq) of potassium per gram.

What is the mechanism of action of sodium polystyrene sulfonate?

Mechanism of Action Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is an insoluble polymer cation-exchange resin. After ingestion of the oral formulation or application through the rectal route, this resin exchanges sodium with potassium ions from the intestinal cells.

What is difference between sulfuric acid and sulfonic acid?

Sulfonic acid can be mistaken for sulfuric acid, as only one group of hydroxyl is replaced by an organic substituent. But this is actually produced through sulfonation with the use of an agent called sulfur trioxide. Sulfonic acid is a very strong acid and may produce strong corrosive effects.

How is Labsa made?

LABSA is produced by the sulfonation of LAB with sulphuric acid in batch reactors. Other sulfonation alternative reagents are oleum, diluted sulfur trioxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfamic acid on falling film reactors.

Why is polystyrene synthetic?

Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General-purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. It is a poor barrier to oxygen and water vapour and has a relatively low melting point….Polystyrene.

What is the chemical formula for polystyrene?

(C8H8)nPolystyrene / Formula

Why is sorbitol in Kayexalate?

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) (kayexalate) is a resin that exchanges sodium with potassium ions from the intestinal cells and then causes fecal potassium excretion [1]. Sorbitol is usually given in combination with SPS to further dissolve SPS and reduce the chances for fecal impaction and bowel obstruction [2].

How do you make sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder?

If you are taking sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder by mouth, mix the powder with 20 to 100 mL (about 1 to 3 ounces) of water or syrup as directed by your doctor. Measure carefully, using level teaspoonfuls of the powder. Use the mixture shortly after preparation; do not store beyond 24 hours.

How does polystyrene sulfonate work?

How does it work (mechanism of action)? Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a cation-exchange resin taken orally that is used to reduce high levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia). Sodium polystyrene sulfonate removes potassium by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine.

What is Kayexalate mechanism of action?

Mechanism Of Action KAYEXALATE increases fecal potassium excretion through binding of potassium in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Binding of potassium reduces the concentration of free potassium in the gastrointestinal lumen, resulting in a reduction of serum potassium levels.

What is the pH of sulfonic acid?

Their pH values range from 1.2 to 2.5 and vary only slightly with temperature changes. Directions for their preparation are given.

What is another name for sulphonic acid?

A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent. The parent compound is the hypothetical compound sulfurous acid. Salts or esters of sulfonic acids are called sulfonates.

How do you manufacture acid slurry?

Process of Manufacture Acid Slurry Acid slurry or alkyl benzene sulphonate is prepared by sulphonation of Linear Slkyl Benzene (LAB) with a suitable sulphonating agent. Batch sulphonation with either diluted SO2 gas or concentrated sulphuric acid or a mixture of 20% oleum and 98% sulphuric acid or oleum alone.

What is the chemical composition of polystyrene?

What monomer is used to make polystyrene?

monomer styrene
Polystyrene (PS) is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum. At room temperature, PS is normally a solid thermoplastic but can be melted at higher temperature for moulding or extrusion, then resolidified.