How do you calculate fluid volume replacement in pediatrics?
This is determined by multiplying the percentage dehydration times the patient’s weight (e.g. 10% dehydration in a 10 kg child: 10% of 10 Kg = 1 kg = 1 liter). Subtract any boluses from this volume (e.g. 1 liter – 400 ml of boluses = 600 ml).
What is the fluid replacement rule for pediatric patients?
Traditionally, the first step in determining the hourly fluid requirements for a child described by Holliday and Segar and coined as the “4/2/1” rule: For children < 10 kg their hourly fluid needs are body weight (kg) x 4. For children 10-20 kg, their hourly fluid needs are 40 ml + (BW – 10 kg) x 2 .
How is pediatric fluid deficit calculated?
This is calculated by dividing the difference between the pre-illness and illness weights by the pre-illness weight, then multiplying by 100 (Table 5). For example, a 10-kg patient who has lost 1 kg is 10% dehydrated. Every 1 kg of weight lost is equivalent to 1 L of fluid loss.
How are pediatric doses calculated?
Most drugs in children are dosed according to body weight (mg/kg) or body surface area (BSA) (mg/m2). Care must be taken to properly convert body weight from pounds to kilograms (1 kg= 2.2 lb) before calculating doses based on body weight.
How do you calculate fluid requirement?
The Holliday-Segar nomogram approximates daily fluid loss, and therefore the daily fluid requirements, as follows:
- 100 ml/kg for the 1st 10 kg of wt.
- 50 ml/kg for the 2nd 10 kg of wt.
- 20 ml/kg for the remaining wt.
What are the four 4 methods used in calculating pediatric doses?
Medication dosing for pediatric patients is described to use either the following methods for medication dosing: age-based dosing, allometric scaling, body surface area based dosing, and weight-based dosing; neither method is to be more superior to the other and varies based on a medications chemical properties and age …
Which method for calculating most pediatric dosages is correct?
Clark’s rule equation is defined as the weight of the patient in pounds divided by the average standard weight of 150 pounds (68 kg) multiplied by the adult dose of a drug equals the pediatric medication dose, as is demonstrated below: (Weight* divided by 150 lbs.)
How do you calculate 24 hour fluid requirements?
The 24-hour number is often divided into approximate hourly rates for convenience, leading to the “4-2-1” formula.
- 100 ml/kg/24-hours = 4 ml/kg/hr for the 1st 10 kg.
- 50 ml/kg/24-hours = 2 ml/kg/hr for the 2nd 10 kg.
- 20 ml/kg/24-hours = 1 ml/kg/hr for the remainder.
How do you calculate daily fluid maintenance?
Maintenance Fluid Rate is calculated based on weight.
- 4 mL / kg / hour for the first 10kg of body mass.
- 2 mL / kg / hour for the second 10kg of body mass (11kg – 20kg)
- 1 mL / kg / hour for any kilogram of body mass above 20kg (> 20kg)
How do you calculate baseline fluid requirements?
Baseline Fluid Requirement
- For the first 10 kg of body weight: 100 mL/kg/d plus.
- For the second 10 kg of body weight: 50 mL/kg/d plus.
- For the weight above 20 kg: 20 mL/kg/d.
How do I calculate the daily fluid requirement for children?
For children 11-20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1000 mL + 50 mL/kg for every kg over 10. For children >20 kg the daily fluid requirement is 1500 mL + 20 mL/kg for every kg over 20, up to a maximum of 2400 mL daily. Please note that this calculation does not apply to newborn infants (ie, from 0 to 28 days after full term delivery).
What does pediatric fluid management look like?
Pediatric Fluid Management Dehydration Mild Moderate Severe Fontanelle Flat Soft Sunken Mood Consolable Irritable Obtunded Pulse Regular Mildly increased Tachycardic Urine Output Normal Decreased Anuric
Why is fluid therapy different in pediatric patients?
Due to physiological differences in pediatric patients, fluid therapy can vary widely. These differences include higher metabolic rates, caloric expenditure, body surface area, and respiratory rates. These higher amounts contribute greatly to the insensible losses of fluid in the pediatric patient.
How are the fluids given to the patient for maintenance?
Depending on the clinical status of the patient maintenance fluids are in ADDITION to deficit/ replacement volumes. These fluids are calculated to be given based on the expenditure of energy and physiological needs. Fluid is lost through sensible, insensible, and clinical factors.