What fossil evidence was recovered in 1997 in Ethiopia and used to argue the veracity of the recent African origins hypothesis?
A million-year-old Homo erectus skull found in Ethiopia indicates that this human ancestor was a single species scattered widely throughout Asia, Europe and Africa, not two separate species, according to an international group of scientists who discovered the skull in 1997.
What is the primary problem with the hydraulic theory?
What is the primary problem with the hydraulic theory? Items such as utensils, figurines, and personal possessions, symbolically placed in the grave for the deceased person’s use in the afterlife.
When did the Neolithic transition begin quizlet?
the domestication of plants and animals by peoples with stone-based technologies, beginning about 10,000 years ago and leading to radical transformations in cultural systems; sometimes reffered to as the neolithic transition.
What is the clearest indicator of difference between a wild and domesticated plant?
Domesticated plants generally differ from their wild ancestors in ways favored by human: edible portions of domesticated plants are larger; reduction or loss of natural means of seed dispersal; reduction or loss of protective devices; and loss of delayed seed germination; and development of simultaneous ripening of the …
What did scientists expect to find in The Missing Link?
He theorized that the missing link was to be found on the lost continent of Lemuria located in the Indian Ocean. He believed that Lemuria was the home of the first humans and that Asia was the home of many of the earliest primates; he thus supported that Asia was the cradle of hominid evolution.
What are the sources of information for ascertaining history of evolution of humans on Earth?
boisei, was discovered by Louis Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, a site that has been famous for hominid fossils for more than 60 years. Sediments and fossils are exposed in the walls of the gorge that represent almost two million years of evolutionary history.
What is hydraulic theory anthropology?
hydraulic civilization, according to the theories of the German-American historian Karl A. Wittfogel, any culture having an agricultural system that is dependent upon large-scale government-managed waterworks—productive (for irrigation) and protective (for flood control).
Which of the following factors led to the Neolithic Revolution?
Some of the causes of the Neolithic Revolution, or the start of settled agriculture, are a warmer climate and longer growing season. Very gradually, through a process of trial and error, humans in several parts of the world learned to control their food supply.
How did the Neolithic Revolution spread from place to place?
The earliest farmers raised barley and wheat and kept sheep and goats, later supplemented by cattle and pigs. Their innovations spread from the Middle East northward into Europe by two routes: across Turkey and Greece into central Europe and across Egypt and North Africa and thence to Spain.
What happened when man learned to domesticate certain types of plants and animals?
Agricultural communities developed approximately 10,000 years ago when humans began to domesticate plants and animals. By establishing domesticity, families and larger groups were able to build communities and transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle dependent on foraging and hunting for survival.
What caused domestication?
The domestication of animals and plants was triggered by the climatic and environmental changes that occurred after the peak of the Last Glacial Maximum around 21,000 years ago and which continue to this present day. These changes made obtaining food difficult.
What is the missing link in anthropology?
missing link, hypothetical extinct creature halfway in the evolutionary line between modern human beings and their anthropoid progenitors. In the latter half of the 19th century, a common misinterpretation of Charles Darwin’s work was that humans were lineally descended from existing species of apes.
When did Paleoanthropology begin?
19th century
The modern field of paleoanthropology began in the 19th century with the discovery of “Neanderthal man” (the eponymous skeleton was found in 1856, but there had been finds elsewhere since 1830), and with evidence of so-called cave men.
What caused humans to evolve?
Over time, genetic change can alter a species’ overall way of life, such as what it eats, how it grows, and where it can live. Human evolution took place as new genetic variations in early ancestor populations favored new abilities to adapt to environmental change and so altered the human way of life.
What is hydraulic theory of state formation?
One of the most prominent theories of early and primary state formation is the hydraulic hypothesis, which contends that the state was a result of the need to build and maintain large-scale irrigation projects.
What is the hydraulic theory of state development?
Hydraulic Civilization Wittfogel argued that most of the earliest states were formed in hydraulic civilizations, by which he meant civilizations where leaders controlled people by controlling the water supply. Often, these civilizations relied on complex irrigation systems that had to be centrally managed.
What causes air in hydraulic system?
Air bubbles in hydraulic fluid first originate is in the reservoir. New oil being introduced into the reservoir can cause turbulent flow, stirring up the oil and introducing air into the fluid, which can lead to cavitation. A correctly designed reservoir tank will prevent this issue.
What causes hydraulics to overheat?
Why do Hydraulic Systems Overheat? If the total input power lost to heat is greater than the heat dissipated, the hydraulic system will eventually overheat. Installed cooling capacity typically ranges between 25 and 40 percent of input power, depending on the type of hydraulic system.