What is a bilateral SVC?
What are bilateral superior vena cava? When babies are born they usually have one major vein called the superior vena cava which carries deoxygenated (blue) blood from the upper part of the body to the heart. In rare cases, babies have two of these veins. This is called bilateral superior vena cava (bilateral SVC).
Does the SVC and IVC connect?
After circulating through the body systemically, deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart through either the SVC, which drains the upper body, or the inferior vena cava (IVC) that drains everything below the diaphragm.
What is SVC in cardiology?
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a group of problems caused when blood flow through the superior vena cava (SVC) is slowed down. The SVC is a large vein that drains blood away from the head, neck, arms, and upper chest and into the heart.
What is interrupted IVC?
Interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare developmental defect characterised by azygos continuation following failure of fusion of one or more of the component parts of the embryological IVC and occurring in approximately one in 5000 of the general population.
What is left SCV and why it is formed?
Pathology. A left-sided SVC forms when the left anterior cardinal vein is not obliterated during normal fetal development. The persistent left-sided SVC passes anterior to the left hilum and lateral to the aortic arch before rejoining the circulatory system.
What is left SCV?
Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare vascular anomaly that begins at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins, passes through the left side of the mediastinum adjacent to the arcus aorta. It mostly drains into the right atrium via the coronary sinus (CS).
Where does the IVC drain into?
The IVC goes from the diaphragm into the right side of the heart, beneath the entrance of the superior vena cava. A few veins merge and drain into the IVC before it makes its way up to the heart: The left renal vein, the left adrenal vein, and left gonadal veins merge into the renal vein.
Which vein connect SVC and IVC?
azygos vein
The renal portion of the IVC, receiving the blood return from the kidneys and lower extremities, empties to the SVC by means of the azygos vein, with the azygos vein, azygos arch, and SVC being subsequently dilated to the increased flow.
How is SVC formed?
The SVC is formed by the junction of the brachiocephalic veins, which in turn are formed by the joining of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. Thus the SVC represents the major drainage system of venous blood from the head, neck, arms, and upper thorax.
Why left SVC is formed?
A left-sided SVC forms when the left anterior cardinal vein is not obliterated during normal fetal development. The persistent left-sided SVC passes anterior to the left hilum and lateral to the aortic arch before rejoining the circulatory system.
What drains into the IVC?
The inferior vena cava (IVC) (plural: inferior venae cavae) drains venous blood from the lower trunk, abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs to the right atrium of the heart. It is usually considered to be one of the great vessels.
What is a left sided IVC?
Transposition of inferior vena cava (also known as left-sided IVC) refers to a variant course of the inferior vena cava. It is the most common anomaly of IVC and occurs due to persistence of left supracardinal vein.
How common is left SVC?
Discussion. Persistent left SVC is the most common congenital thoracic venous anomaly with a prevalence of 0.3–0.5% in general population [1].
How big is an IVC?
The average length of the infrarenal IVC is 94 mm in females and 110 mm in males. However, these lengths vary significantly, especially in patients who have anomalous venous return.
What level does IVC enter the heart?
T8 vertebral level
The IVC lies along the right anterolateral aspect of the vertebral column and passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm around the T8 vertebral level. The IVC is a large blood vessel responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities and abdomen back to the right atrium of the heart.
Why superior vena cava has no valve?
The superior and inferior vena cava and the pulmonary arteries have no valves because no back flow of blood is there in them as the blood is flowing from them into the atrium.
What is superior vena cava made of?
The superior vena cava is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic veins—also referred to as the innominate veins—on the right side of the upper chest, posterior (behind) to the lower border of the first costal cartilage.
What level is SVC formed?
Structure. The superior vena cava is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic or innominate veins, which receive blood from the upper limbs, eyes and neck, behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage.
What is the length of the IVC?
What are the branches of the IVC?
Tributaries of the inferior vena cava
- Lumbar veins.
- Right gonadal vein.
- Renal veins.
- Right suprarenal vein.
- Inferior phrenic veins.
- Hepatic veins.
- Common iliac veins.