What is placental mesenchymal dysplasia?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is an uncommon vascular anomaly of the placenta characterized by placentomegaly with multicystic placental lesion on ultrasonography and mesenchymal stem villous hyperplasia on histopathology.
How common is placental mesenchymal dysplasia?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental anomaly characterized by placentomegaly and grape like vesicles which resemble molar pregnancy. The incidence of PMD is reported to be 0.02% (1).
What is Chorioangioma of the placenta?
Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic tumor of the placenta. It is derived from primitive chorionic mesenchyme and is typically vascular. Placenta chorioangiomas occur in approximately 1% of pregnancies. Most placental chorioangiomas are small and are not clinically important.
What causes placental mesenchymal dysplasia?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare benign condition with unknown underlying cause. It has been some theories that PMD is a congenital malformation of the mesoderm due to mesenchymal hyperplasia in stem villi.
What is Placentomegaly?
Placentomegaly is a term applied to an abnormally-enlarged placenta.
Is chorioangioma serious?
In the majority of cases the tumor is benign (noncancerous). Small chorioangiomas typically cause no symptoms and complications. If the chorioangioma is large, measuring more than 4 cm, in some cases it can pose serious risks to the pregnancy and the fetus, including fetal heart failure.
How do you treat chorioangioma?
The combined use of bipolar cautery with a diode laser proved to be an effective treatment option for symptomatic chorioangioma. With bipolar cautery, surgeons were able to reduce the blood flow to the chorioangioma by coagulating the main feeding vessel, which was too large to be safely coagulated by the laser diode.
How quickly do hCG levels drop after molar pregnancy?
If the levels of a hormone called hCG go back to normal soon after removal of the molar pregnancy then your doctor won’t need to give it a stage. In most women, the hCG level virtually disappears within 4 to 6 weeks of removing the molar pregnancy.
How does chorioangioma of placenta cause polyhydramnios?
The large surface area of the enlarged vessels of the angioma may also predispose to the increased transudation. Polyhydramnios also can be explained by the partial placental insufficiency caused by shunting of the fetal blood into the vessels of the chorioangioma.
Are chorioangiomas benign?
Placental chorioangiomas are benign vascular tumours and are the most common placental tumours, with a prevalence of 1%. Large placental chorioangiomas are rare and may lead to pregnancy complications and poor perinatal outcomes.
How does chorioangioma cause Polyhydramnios?
What is an abnormal placenta?
Normally, the placenta attaches at the top or side of the uterus. In some cases, the placenta develops in the wrong location or attaches itself too deeply into the uterine wall. These placental disorders are called placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta increta or placenta percreta.
What causes a mass on the placenta?
The cause of chorioangioma is unknown. The abnormal masses form in the chorionic tissue, the tissue on the fetal side of the placenta. Chorioangiomas occur in an estimated 1% of pregnancies. The tumors are seen more often in pregnancies where the fetus is female and in those involving multiples (twins, triplets, etc.).
What is the prevalence of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD)?
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD), also known as pseudo-partial mole, is a rare disorder with approximately 51 cases reported worldwide. The true incidence of the disorder is unknown.
Which karyotypes are characteristic of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD)?
The diploid karyotype (versus triploid seen in partial hydatidiform mole) further supports the diagnosis of placental mesenchymal dysplasia. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD), also known as pseudo-partial mole, is a rare disorder with approximately 51 cases reported worldwide.
Which histopathological findings are characteristic of placental lesion?
Histopathological examination (higher magnification) of placental lesion shows hydropic stem cell villi (long white arrow), central cistern (small white arrow) containing myxoid stroma and few congested blood vessels (small black arrows) in the stroma of hydropic villi with interspersed normal villi (long black arrow) Discussion
Where is chorioangioma located in the placenta?
The placenta of a complete mole with coexisting normal fetus and partial molar pregnancy appears heterogeneous, with partially solid and cystic areas. On USG, a chorioangioma is a focal lesion and is hypoechoic compared to the rest of the placenta. It is typically located on the fetal surface of the placenta.[1,6]