What is the working principle of steam turbine?
In simple terms, a steam turbine works by using a heat source (gas, coal, nuclear, solar) to heat water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam. As that steam flows past a turbine’s spinning blades, the steam expands and cools.
What are the four processes in a steam turbine driven?
Steam supply and exhaust conditions Turbine types include condensing, non-condensing, reheat, extracting and induction.
How do you start a steam turbine?
Start the vacuum pump and bring up the vacuum in the condenser. Open condensate pump valves and switch on the pump. Check whether the condensate vacuum, gland steam pressure, steam inlet pressure, and lube oil pressure are normal. Start turbo generator from the local station and close the drain in the steam line.
How is steam converted into energy?
Making electricity from steam is generally a three step process, where water is converted to high pressure steam, then the high pressure steam is converted to mechanical rotation of a turbine shaft, and the rotating turbine shaft then drives an electric generator.
How many stages are there in steam turbine?
In modern turbines, three types of staging are employed, either separately or in combination: (1) pressure (or impulse) staging, (2) reaction staging, and (3) velocity-compound staging.
What is the function of governor in steam turbine?
A steam turbine governor is a component of the turbine control system that regulates rotational speed in response to changing load conditions. The governor output signal manipulates the position of a steam inlet valve or nozzles which in turn regulates the steam flow to the turbine.
What is steam turbine control system?
A steam turbine control system is a closed loop system. The simplest application is one in which a turbine is used to operate a rotor to constant speed (Fig. 2). The controller senses the shaft speed, compares the actual speed with the desired set point.
What is steam energy called?
Water is heated to steam in power plants, and the pressurized steam drives turbines that produce electrical current. The thermal energy of steam is thus converted to mechanical energy, which in turn is converted into…
What are the parts of steam turbine?
The main parts of a steam turbine are (1) the rotor that carries the blading to convert the thermal energy of the steam into the rotary motion of the shaft, (2) the casing, inside of which the rotor turns, that serves as a pressure vessel for containing the steam (it also accommodates fixed nozzle passages or stator …
What is the two main parts of steam turbine?
What is turbine droop?
For every 1% change in the turbine speed reference, the power output of the turbine will change by 25% of rated for a unit with a 4% droop setting. Droop is therefore expressed as the percentage change in (design) speed required for 100% governor action.
What is HP IP and LP turbine?
high pressure, intermediate pressure and low pressure turbine. All three are mounted on the same shaft which rotates at 3600 rpm in a generator to make electricity. Here’s a simplified steam flow path through HP, IP and LP turbines. (
What is the principle of turbine?
Turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extract the potential energy and Kinetic energy of fluids and convert into mechanical energy. It is a prime mover which transform the energy of working fluid in to mechanical energy of turbine shaft.
What are the five types of steam turbine?
While based on the flow of steam they can be classified as a single flow, double flow and reverse flow turbines. Similarly, based on exhaust conditions, there are five main types of steam turbines; condensing, non-condensing, automatic extraction, mixed pressure, and regenerative extraction.
What are the principles of operation of steam turbine?
Operation Principles. The steam turbine unlike the reciprocating steam engine (which operates due to the pressure energy of system) operates due to dynamic action of the steam. The acceleration, which may be a change in either magnitude or direction of a stream of fluid, produces a turning moment on a rotating shaft.
What is a a steam turbine used for?
A steam turbine is used to produce the maximum amount of mechanical power using the minimum amount of steam in a compact driver arrangement, usually in a direct-drive configuration. Speed variation or speed adjustment capabilities are also important for steam turbines.
What happens when steam is applied to a turbine blade?
In fact, the steam will issue from the nozzle in the form of a high-speed jet. If this high velocity steam is applied to a properly shaped turbine blade, the steam will change in direction due to the shape of the blade.
How much dissolved oxygen is in the condensate of a steam turbine?
The effect of exhaust steam flow on the dissolved oxygen in the condensate at 184 °C and 283 °C (inlet steam contains 18 ppm oxygen)4. Depletion time for oxygen from the condensate layer during start-up When the steam turbine is on-load, the gland is sealed with the gland steam.