What is Pensky Martens closed apparatus?
A brass test cup is filled with a test specimen and closed with a lid, through which an ignition source can be introduced periodically. The sample is heated and stirred at specified rates depending on the material that is being tested. This allows the development of an equilibrium between the liquid and the air volume.
What are the components of Pensky Martens Closed Cup apparatus?
The main components of the Pensky Martens Flash Point Apparatus are follows : OIL CUP ♦ AIR BATH ♦ ELECTRIC HEATING ARRANGEMENT ♦ ENERGY REGULATOR BOX ♦ TOP PLATE ♦ COVER ASSEMBLY HAVING (a) COVER (b) SHUTTER (c) STIRRING DEVICE (d) FLAME EXPOSURE DEVICE (e) THERMOMETER SOCKET.
What is closed cup method?
Closed Cup (CC) Closed cup tests aim to simulate a liquid in a closed or semi closed contained environment. If the liquid is at, or above its flash point, a fire or explosion is a risk when exposed to a potential ignition.
Why closed cup apparatus is more reliable than open cup?
Closed cup testers normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 5–10 °C or 9–18 °F lower) and are a better approximation to the temperature at which the vapour pressure reaches the lower flammable limit.
Which of the following apparatus is close cup device?
Abels apparatus is the correct answer. Pensky-Marten’s is used above 50 degrees. Abel is manually controlled flame apparatus i.e. open cup type, whereas pensky is closed cup apparatus. The Abel apparatus is the correct answer.
What is the difference between Cleveland Open Cup and Pensky Martens Closed Cup apparatus?
The key difference between open cup and closed cup flash point is that open cup method gives usually higher values for the flash point than closed cup method. Flash point is the lowest temperature at which the flammable vapour of a volatile liquid ignites when we provide it with an ignition source.
What is a closed cup flashpoint?
In closed cup tests the sample is tested inside a closed vessel – the lid is sealed and the ignition source is brought into the vessel, so it is completely separate from the outside atmosphere. This type of test gives a good simulation of the conditions inside a fuel tank.
What type of oil is used in Pensky Martens apparatus?
In transformer, fuel based mineral oil is used as insulation and coolant over many years.
What is the temperature range of Pensky Martens apparatus and which type of oil is used in it?
Facts about the ASTM D93 Standard Test Method The methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 370°C, and of biodiesel by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus in the temperature range of 60 to 190°C.
What is difference between Cleveland Open Cup and Pensky Martens Closed Cup apparatus?
Open cup flash point is the flash point we obtain from open cup method where the vapour above the liquid is in equilibriums with the liquid. In contrast, closed cup flash point is the flash point we obtain from the closed cup method where the vapour above the liquid is not in equilibrium with the liquid.
Which oil is used in Pensky Martens?
Why is closed cup apparatus more reliable flash point?
Closed Cup Flash Points The lid is sealed and the ignition source is introduced into the vessel itself, allowing for a closer approximation to real-life conditions (such as those found inside a fuel tank).