What is phosphate ester oil?
Phosphate esters are the most fire resistant of the non-aqueous synthetic basestocks in common use. Their high ignition temperatures, excellent oxidation stability and very low vapor pressures make them difficult to burn, while their low heats of combustion result in self-extinguishing fluids.
What type of fluid is phosphate ester?
hydraulic fluids
Phosphate ester-based hydraulic fluids are commonly used in aviation, due to their fire-resistant properties. However, contamination of jet fuel with hydraulic fluid may cause serious engine failure, hot corrosion of metals, and swelling of elastomer and polymer seals.
Is Phosphorus a lubricant?
Phosphorus components are probably the earliest known and most important additives for lubricant applications. Phosphites, phosphates, thiophosphates, metal dithiophosphates, and amine phosphates are examples of common phosphorus additives being used in the lubricant industry.
Can esters be harmful?
Inhalation of the fumes from some esters irritates the mucous membranes. Carboxylic esters have low to moderate toxicity via dermal and oral exposure. Some esters are used as flavoring agents in foodstuffs. The pyrophosphate esters (such as tetraethyl pyrophosphate) are highly toxic.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of phosphate ester based fluids?
Phosphate esters have good thermal stability, excellent boundary lubrication properties, low volatility and fair hydrolytic stability (chemical stability in the presence of water). Unfortunately, phosphate esters can be hard on some elastomers such as Buna-N or nitrile, PVC coatings and paints.
What excellent material is use with phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid?
Butyl is a synthetic rubber compound made from petroleum raw materials. It is an excellent material to use with phosphate ester based hydraulic fluid (Skydrol).
What does phosphorus in oil do?
The phosphorus content of new oil is typically associated with antiwear (AW) additive. Antiwear additives are used to reduce wear by limiting the friction of moving parts. They do so by forming a thin- protective film on metal surfaces.
What does high phosphorus mean in oil?
Phosphorus is an additive metal found in all anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additive packages. Only when the phosphorus level deviates more than 25% from the new oil or reference value should a concern be raised, but the likeliest cause is mixing or topping-off with a different product.
What are the disadvantages of esters?
Low-molecular-weight esters like methyl formate have low flash points and wide flammability limits, making them dangerous flammability hazards. All are capable of being combustible and can yield highly toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, phosphorus oxides, or sulfur oxides when burned.
Are esters bad for the environment?
In contrast, esters in personal care are dermatologically safe. They are also biodegradable, making them an environmentally sustainable ingredient.
Which material is not suitable for phosphate ester base hydraulic fluids?
Unfortunately, phosphate esters can be hard on some elastomers such as Buna-N or nitrile, PVC coatings and paints. However, they are not as hard on butyl, nylon, PTFE, EPR, Viton and epoxy-based paints.
What type of flexible hose is compatible with phosphate ester based fluids?
Code markings assist in replacing a hose with one of the same specifications or a recommended substitute. Hose suitable for use with phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid will be marked Skydrol use.
Why is phosphorus in motor oil?
In general, new oil contains phosphorus, which is used as an additive to reduce wear on moving parts by limiting their friction. Antiwear additives are used to reduce wear by reducing the friction of moving parts. An engine oil’s phosphorus content is usually related to the additive ZDDP.
What happens when phosphorus is too high?
High phosphorus levels can cause damage to your body. Extra phosphorus causes body changes that pull calcium out of your bones, making them weak. High phosphorus and calcium levels also lead to dangerous calcium deposits in blood vessels, lungs, eyes, and heart.
What is the advantages of ester?
Esters can help enhance flavor and are especially useful as an emulsifier. Emulsifiers are surfactants, meaning they reduce surface tension between two immiscible liquids, such as water and oil, thereby stabilizing the mixture.
Where does ester oil come from?
Esters are a class of synthetic chemistry that are generally created in the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
Why are phosphate esters used as energy storage?
These are high-energy bonds that store energy from the metabolism of foods. Hydrolysis of ATP releases energy as it is needed for biochemical processes (for instance, for muscle contraction). Phosphate esters are also important structural constituents of phospholipids and nucleic acids.
What are phosphate ester additives?
Phosphate esters have been used as lubricant additives for more than 80 years, beginning with the early patents on the use of tricresyl phosphate and tri- n -butyl phosphate in lubricants [ 6 ]. As the temperature, pressure and sheer stress requirements for lubricants have increased, more additives have been developed.
What is the most commonly used phosphate in lubricants?
Of these, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP), found in virtually all automotive engine lubricants, are the most widely used. Only one group of phosphates, the tri-substituted natural esters of H3PO4, has found significant use as a synthetic basestock.
What happens when a phosphate ester is added to a lubricant?
The phosphate ester loses the remaining phenols resulting in a bound iron polyphosphate. The amine antioxidants commonly found in the formulated lubricants were found to negatively impact the fatigue and wear resistance [ 74 ].
Can phosphate ester fluid be used to control steam turbines?
Phosphate ester fluids have been used to control thousands of steam turbines over the last 60 years. With this much user experience, one would assume that their operational challenges would be well-understood and that power plants would be able to maintain the quality of these fluids with ease.